leekh8's Blog

GitHub Actions 자동 배포 오류 해결: SSH 키, PAT, 의존성, Git 설정 문제

@leekh8 · April 01, 2024 · 13 min read
GitHub-Actions
Workflow
Deployment-Automation
Personal-Access-Token
PAT
SSH-Key
의존성-관리
Code-N-Solve

SERIES: Code N Solve (7)

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Code N Solve 📘

GitHub Actions1를 이용한 문제 해결과 배포 자동화 🚀

GitHub Actions는 개발 프로세스를 자동화하여 빌드, 테스트, 배포 등을 수행할 수 있는 강력한 도구이다. 하지만 올바른 설정 없이는 원하는 대로 작동하지 않을 수 있다. Deployment 자동화를 위해 GitHub Actions의 Workflow를 설정할 때 겪은 몇 가지 문제와 이를 해결하는 방법에 대해 이야기해보자.

Blog Deployment 자동화

현재 블로그 테마는 gatsby-starter-hoodie를 활용하고 있다.

여기에 CI (Continuous Integration)2 코드는 이미 작성되어 있고, Netlify를 통한 배포 방식이 설명되어 있지만 Github Pages를 이용해 배포를 하고 있었다. 매번 $ npm run deploy-gh 명령을 하기 귀찮아져 자동화 Workflow를 만들기로 결심한다.

GitHub Actions Workflow 설정

1. GitHub Pages 자동 배포34

  • 시도:

    • GitHub Pages에 자동으로 배포하기.

      접기/펼치기 
      ```yaml
name: Build and Deploy

on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Checkout Repository
        uses: actions/checkout@v2

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
        with:
          node-version: "14"

      - name: Install Dependencies
        run: npm install

      - name: Build
        run: npm run build

      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
        uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v3
        with:
          deploy_key: ${{ secrets.ACCESS_TOKEN }}
          publish_dir: ./public
          publish_branch: gh-pages
```

  • 문제:

  • Workflow 설정 파일(deploy.yml)을 작성했지만 Node.js 버전이 낮아 Gatsby 빌드 중 오류가 발생했다.

    접기/펼치기 
    ```bash
error Gatsby requires Node.js 18.0.0 or higher (you have v14.21.3).
Upgrade Node to the latest stable release: https://gatsby.dev/upgrading-node-js
npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE
```

2. Node.js 버전 충돌

  • 문제:

    • Workflow 설정에서는 14.21.3 버전이 지정되어 있었는데 Node.js의 버전 18.0.0 이상을 빌요로 하여 Gatsby 빌드 중 오류가 발생했다.

  • 시도:

    • Node.js 버전(node-version)을 20.3.1로 업데이트하였다.

      접기/펼치기 ```yaml name: Build and Deploy 
          on:
    push:
    branches: - main

    jobs:
    deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

          steps:
            - name: Checkout Repository
              uses: actions/checkout@v2

            - name: Setup Node.js
              uses: actions/setup-node@v2
              with:
                node-version: 20.3.1

            - name: Install Dependencies
              run: npm install

            - name: Build
              run: npm run build

            - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
              uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v3
              with:
                deploy_key: ${{ secrets.ACCESS_TOKEN }}
                publish_dir: ./public
                publish_branch: gh-pages
    ```

  • 해결:

    • Node.js 버전을 20.3.1로 업데이트하여 문제를 해결했지만 이후에 패키지 의존성 충돌 문제가 발생했다.
      접기/펼치기 ```bash Run npm install npm ERR! code ERESOLVE npm ERR! ERESOLVE could not resolve npm ERR! npm ERR! While resolving: gatsby-remark-katex@3.10.0 npm ERR! Found: gatsby@5.13.3 npm ERR! node_modules/gatsby npm ERR! gatsby@"^5.11.0" from the root project npm ERR! peer gatsby@"^5.0.0-next" from babel-plugin-remove-graphql-queries@5.13.1 npm ERR! node_modules/babel-plugin-remove-graphql-queries npm ERR! babel-plugin-remove-graphql-queries@"^5.13.1" from gatsby@5.13.3 npm ERR! babel-plugin-remove-graphql-queries@"^5.13.1" from gatsby-plugin-typescript@5.13.1 npm ERR! node_modules/gatsby-plugin-typescript npm ERR! gatsby-plugin-typescript@"^5.13.1" from gatsby@5.13.3 npm ERR! 17 more (gatsby-plugin-catch-links, gatsby-plugin-feed, ...) npm ERR! npm ERR! Could not resolve dependency: npm ERR! peer gatsby@"^2.0.0" from gatsby-remark-katex@3.10.0 npm ERR! node_modules/gatsby-remark-katex npm ERR! gatsby-remark-katex@"^3.5.0" from the root project npm ERR! npm ERR! Conflicting peer dependency: gatsby@2.32.13 npm ERR! node_modules/gatsby npm ERR! peer gatsby@"^2.0.0" from gatsby-remark-katex@3.10.0 npm ERR! node_modules/gatsby-remark-katex npm ERR! gatsby-remark-katex@"^3.5.0" from the root project npm ERR! npm ERR! Fix the upstream dependency conflict, or retry npm ERR! this command with --force or --legacy-peer-deps npm ERR! to accept an incorrect (and potentially broken) dependency resolution. ```

3. Node.js 패키지 의존성 충돌 및 GitHub 토큰 시크릿 등록

  • 시도:

    • 패키지 의존성 충돌 문제를 --legacy-peer-deps 명령으로 해결하고 GitHub 토큰을 시크릿에 등록을 하기로 했다.

      접기/펼치기 ```yaml name: Build and Deploy 
      on:
push:
branches: - main

jobs:
deploy:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Checkout Repository
        uses: actions/checkout@v2

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
        with:
          node-version: 20.3.1

      - name: Install Dependencies
        run: npm install --legacy-peer-deps

      - name: Build
        run: npm run build

      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
        uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v3
        with:
          deploy_key: ${{ secrets.ACCESS_TOKEN }}
          publish_dir: ./public
          publish_branch: gh-pages

```

  • 해결:

    • 프로필 - Settings - Developer Settings - Personal access tokens에서 생성한 토큰을 복사하여 저장소 secrets에 등록했다.

      접기/펼치기 ```bash Run peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v3 with: deploy_key: *** publish_dir: ./public publish_branch: gh-pages allow_empty_commit: false keep_files: false force_orphan: false enable_jekyll: false disable_nojekyll: false exclude_assets: .github [INFO] Usage https://github.com/peaceiris/actions-gh-pages#readme Dump inputs [INFO] DeployKey: true [INFO] PublishBranch: gh-pages [INFO] PublishDir: ./public [INFO] DestinationDir: [INFO] ExternalRepository: [INFO] AllowEmptyCommit: false [INFO] KeepFiles: false [INFO] ForceOrphan: false [INFO] UserName: [INFO] UserEmail: [INFO] CommitMessage: [INFO] FullCommitMessage: [INFO] TagName: [INFO] TagMessage: [INFO] EnableJekyll (DisableNoJekyll): false [INFO] CNAME: [INFO] ExcludeAssets .github 
      Setup auth token
[INFO] setup SSH deploy key
/usr/bin/chmod 700 /home/runner/.ssh
[INFO] wrote /home/runner/.ssh/known_hosts
/usr/bin/chmod 600 /home/runner/.ssh/known_hosts
[INFO] wrote /home/runner/.ssh/github
/usr/bin/chmod 600 /home/runner/.ssh/github
[INFO] wrote /home/runner/.ssh/config
/usr/bin/chmod 600 /home/runner/.ssh/config
/usr/bin/ssh-add /home/runner/.ssh/github
Error loading key "/home/runner/.ssh/github": error in libcrypto
Error: Action failed with "The process '/usr/bin/ssh-add' failed with exit code 1"

````

4. User authenticate using git config

  • 시도:

    • token을 secret에 등록하였지만 token 인증에 실패하여 git config 명령을 통해 사용자를 등록하였다.

  • 문제:

    • SSH 인증은 Windows 환경에서는 적용되지 않는 것 같다.

      접기/펼치기 ```yaml name: Build and Deploy 
      on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Checkout Repository
        uses: actions/checkout@v2

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
        with:
          node-version: 20.3.1

      - name: Install Dependencies
        run: npm install --legacy-peer-deps

      - name: Build
        run: npm run build

      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
        env:
          ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PAT }}
        run: |
          git config --global user.name "USER NAME"
          git config --global user.email "USER@EMAIL.COM"
          npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -u $ACCESS_TOKEN
```

</details>
- 문제
  - git config 명령을 통해 사용자를 등록했지만 오류가 발생했다.
  <details>
  <summary>접기/펼치기</summary>
```bash
Run git config --global user.name "USER NAME"
  git config --global user.name "USER NAME"
  git config --global user.email "USER@EMAIL.COM"
  npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -u $ACCESS_TOKEN
  shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0}
  env:
    ACCESS_TOKEN: ***
Could not parse name and email from user option "***" (format should be "Your Name <email@example.com>")
Error: Process completed with exit code 1.
```

5. User authenticate using token

  • 시도:

    • token으로 사용자 인증을 시도하였다.

      접기/펼치기 ```yaml name: Build and Deploy 
      on:
push:
branches: - main

jobs:
deploy:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest

  steps:
    - name: Checkout Repository
      uses: actions/checkout@v2

    - name: Setup Node.js
      uses: actions/setup-node@v2
      with:
        node-version: 20.3.1

    - name: Install Dependencies
      run: npm install --legacy-peer-deps

    - name: Build
      run: npm run build

    - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
      env:
        ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PAT }}
      run: |
        npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -u $ACCESS_TOKEN

```

  • 문제:

    • 같은 문제가 반복되었다.

      접기/펼치기 ```bash Run npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -u $ACCESS_TOKEN npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -u $ACCESS_TOKEN shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0} env: ACCESS_TOKEN: *** Could not parse name and email from user option "***" (format should be "Your Name ") Error: Process completed with exit code 1. ```

6. User authenticate using token 2

  • 시도:

    • 토큰을 이용해 사용자 인증을 시도할때 옵션을 -u에서 -t로 변경해 토큰을 인식하도록 해주었다.

      접기/펼치기 ```yaml name: Build and Deploy 
      on:
push:
branches: - main

jobs:
deploy:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest

  steps:
    - name: Checkout Repository
      uses: actions/checkout@v2

    - name: Setup Node.js
      uses: actions/setup-node@v2
      with:
        node-version: 20.3.1

    - name: Install Dependencies
      run: npm install --legacy-peer-deps

    - name: Build
      run: npm run build

    - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
      env:
        ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PAT }}
      run: |
        npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $ACCESS_TOKEN
```

  • 문제:

  • git config 명령을 이용해 사용자의 신원을 설정하라는 오류(Author identity unknown)로 변경되었다.

    접기/펼치기 ```bash Run npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $ACCESS_TOKEN npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $ACCESS_TOKEN shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0} env: ACCESS_TOKEN: *** Author identity unknown 
    *** Please tell me who you are.

Run

  git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
  git config --global user.name "Your Name"

to set your account's default identity.
Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository.

fatal: unable to auto-detect email address (got 'runner@fv-az1535-535.(none)')

Error: Process completed with exit code 1.
```

7. User authenticate using git config 2

  • 시도:

    • git config 명령을 사용해 사용자 정보를 인식할 수 있도록 해주었다.

      접기/펼치기 ```yaml name: Build and Deploy 
      on:
push:
branches: - main

jobs:
deploy:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest

  steps:
    - name: Checkout Repository
      uses: actions/checkout@v2

    - name: Setup Node.js
      uses: actions/setup-node@v2
      with:
        node-version: 20.3.1

    - name: Install Dependencies
      run: npm install --legacy-peer-deps

    - name: Build
      run: npm run build

    - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
      env:
        ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PAT }}
      run: |
        git config --global user.email "USER@EMAIL.COM"
        git config --global user.name "USER NAME"
        npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $ACCESS_TOKEN

```

  • 문제:

    • Author identity unknown 오류는 배포 시 Git 사용자 정보를 설정해두지 않아 발생하는 오류로 Git이 커밋을 생성할 때 사용자의 정보를 필요로 하기 때문에 발생하는데 문제가 반복되었다.

      접기/펼치기 ```bash Run git config --global user.email "USER@EMAIL.COM" git config --global user.email "USER@EMAIL.COM" git config --global user.name "USER NAME" npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $ACCESS_TOKEN shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0} env: ACCESS_TOKEN: *** fatal: could not read Username for 'https://github.com': No such device or address 
      Error: Process completed with exit code 1.

```

8. User authenticate using git config 3

  • 시도:

    • HTTPS URL에 토큰을 추가하여 사용자를 인식할 수 있게 시도하였다.5

      접기/펼치기 ```yaml name: Build and Deploy 
        on:
    push:
      branches:
        - main

  jobs:
    deploy:
      runs-on: ubuntu-latest

      steps:
        - name: Checkout Repository
          uses: actions/checkout@v2

        - name: Setup Node.js
          uses: actions/setup-node@v2
          with:
            node-version: 20.3.1

        - name: Install Dependencies
          run: npm install --legacy-peer-deps

        - name: Build
          run: npm run build

        - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
          env:
            ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PAT }}
          run: |
            git config --global url.https://${{ secrets.PAT }}@github.com/.insteadOf https://github.com/
            npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $ACCESS_TOKEN

```

  • 문제:

    • 여전히 Author identity unknown 상태이다.

      접기/펼치기 ```bash Run git config --global url.https://***@github.com/.insteadOf https://github.com/ git config --global url.https://***@github.com/.insteadOf https://github.com/ npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $ACCESS_TOKEN shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0} env: ACCESS_TOKEN: *** Author identity unknown 
      \*\*\* Please tell me who you are.

Run

git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
git config --global user.name "Your Name"

to set your account's default identity.
Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository.

fatal: empty ident name (for <runner@fv-az1118-461.jboa14ee0bjuvjv5ua334yvpdd.cx.internal.cloudapp.net>) not allowed

Error: Process completed with exit code 1.

```

9. User authenticate using git config 4

  • 시도:

    • 다시 git config 명령을 사용해 사용자 정보를 추가하였다.

      접기/펼치기 ```yaml name: Build and Deploy 
      on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Checkout Repository
        uses: actions/checkout@v2

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
        with:
          node-version: 20.3.1

      - name: Install Dependencies
        run: npm install --legacy-peer-deps

      - name: Build
        run: npm run build

      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
        env:
          ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PAT }}
        run: |
          git config --global user.name "USER NAME"
          git config --global user.email "USER@EMAIL.COM"
          npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $ACCESS_TOKEN
```

</details>

- 문제:
  - 이전에 나타났던 문제가 계속 나타나 눈물이 날 뻔 했다.

  <details>
  <summary>접기/펼치기</summary>
    ```bash
    Run git config --global user.name "USER NAME"
      git config --global user.name "USER NAME"
      git config --global user.email "USER@EMAIL.COM"
      npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $ACCESS_TOKEN
      shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0}
      env:
        ACCESS_TOKEN: ***
    fatal: could not read Username for 'https://github.com': No such device or address
    ```

10. User authenticate using git config 5

  • 시도:

    • 혹시 토큰이 인식이 안되고 있나 의심스러워서 순서를 변경하여 다시 시도하였다.

      접기/펼치기 ```yaml name: Build and Deploy 
      on:
push:
branches: - main

jobs:
deploy:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
env:
PAT: ${{ secrets.PAT }}

  steps:
    - name: Checkout Repository
      uses: actions/checkout@v2

    - name: Setup Node.js
      uses: actions/setup-node@v2
      with:
        node-version: 20.3.1

    - name: Install Dependencies
      run: npm install --legacy-peer-deps

    - name: Build
      run: npm run build

    - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
      run: |
        git config --global url.https://$PAT@github.com/.insteadOf https://github.com/
        npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $PAT

```

  • 문제:

    • 달라지지 않은 오류 메시지가 나와 눈물이 났다.

      접기/펼치기 ```bash Run git config --global user.name "USER NAME" git config --global user.name "USER NAME" git config --global user.email "USER@EMAIL.COM" npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $ACCESS_TOKEN shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0} env: ACCESS_TOKEN: *** fatal: could not read Username for 'https://github.com': No such device or address 
      Error: Process completed with exit code 1.
```

11. User authenticate using git config 6

  • 시도:

    • git config 명령을 빌드 과정에서 미리 해주면 될까 싶어 시도하였다.

      접기/펼치기 ```yaml name: Build and Deploy 
      on:
push:
branches: - main

jobs:
deploy:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
env:
PAT: ${{ secrets.PAT }}

    steps:
      - name: Checkout Repository
        uses: actions/checkout@v2

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
        with:
          node-version: 20.3.1

      - name: Install Dependencies
        run: npm install --legacy-peer-deps

      - name: Build
        run: |
          git config --global url.https://$PAT@github.com/.insteadOf https://github.com/
          npm run build

      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
        run: |
          npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $PAT

```

  • 해결:

    • git config 명령을 deploy 과정 이전에 진행해야 한다는 결론을 얻었다.

  • 문제:

    • 여전히 Author identity unknow 문제가 있다.

      접기/펼치기 ```bash Run npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $PAT npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $PAT shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0} env: PAT: *** Author identity unknown 
      \*\*\* Please tell me who you are.

Run

git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
git config --global user.name "Your Name"

to set your account's default identity.
Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository.

fatal: unable to auto-detect email address (got 'runner@fv-az1385-401.(none)')

Error: Process completed with exit code 1.

```

12. User authenticate using git config 7

  • 시도:

    • git config 명령을 통한 사용자 정보 설정 단계를 별도로 만들어 주었다.

      접기/펼치기 ```yaml name: Build and Deploy 
      on:
push:
branches: - main

jobs:
deploy:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
env:
PAT: ${{ secrets.PAT }}

  steps:
    - name: Checkout Repository
      uses: actions/checkout@v2

    - name: Setup Node.js
      uses: actions/setup-node@v2
      with:
        node-version: 20.3.1

    - name: Install Dependencies
      run: npm install --legacy-peer-deps

    - name: Build
      run: npm run build

    - name: Set Git user information
      run: git config --global url.https://$PAT@github.com/.insteadOf https://github.com/

    - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
      run: |
        npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $PAT

```

  • 문제:

    • 다시 눈물이 났다.

      접기/펼치기 ```bash Run npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $PAT npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $PAT shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0} env: PAT: *** Author identity unknown 
        \*\*\* Please tell me who you are.

  Run

  git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
  git config --global user.name "Your Name"

  to set your account's default identity.
  Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository.

  fatal: empty ident name (for <runner@fv-az914-157.2e4pmxhwlzfuhnev11cd0y0noa.phxx.internal.cloudapp.net>) not allowed

  Error: Process completed with exit code 1.

```

13. User authenticate using git config 8

  • 시도:

    • 사용자 정보 단계에서 가진 모든 정보를 알려주었다.

      접기/펼치기 ```yaml name: Build and Deploy 
      on:
push:
branches: - main

jobs:
deploy:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
env:
PAT: ${{ secrets.PAT }}

  steps:
    - name: Checkout Repository
      uses: actions/checkout@v2

    - name: Setup Node.js
      uses: actions/setup-node@v2
      with:
        node-version: 20.3.1

    - name: Install Dependencies
      run: npm install --legacy-peer-deps

    - name: Build
      run: npm run build

    - name: Set Git user information
      run: |
        git config --global user.email "your-email@gmail.com"
        git config --global user.name "leekh8"

    - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
      run: |
        git config --global url.https://$PAT@github.com/.insteadOf https://github.com/
        npx gh-pages -d ./public -b gh-pages -t $PAT

```
  • 성공!
  Published
  1. https://docs.github.com/ko/enterprise-server@3.10/actions/learn-github-actions↩
  2. https://docs.github.com/ko/enterprise-server@3.10/actions/automating-builds-and-tests/about-continuous-integration↩
  3. https://docs.github.com/ko/enterprise-server@3.10/actions/examples/using-scripts-to-test-your-code-on-a-runner↩
  4. https://docs.github.com/ko/enterprise-server@3.10/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions↩
  5. https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/26580↩

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